An educational resource for learning concepts in embryological development. by mahaar92

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UNSW Embryology

Version 9.0

An educational resource for learning concepts in embryological development.

© Dr Mark Hill (2011)

Acknowledgements

ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4

Introduction

Animation of the Carnegie stages 1 to 23 of human embryonic development during the first 8 weeks (click to play).

Click to Play

Carnegie stage 1 to 23 of Human Development

Your exploration of development can begin in many different ways. Follow the guide shown below (Begin, Next, Finally) or use the internal links shown on the left. These main linked pages will give you access to many different embryology resources. Development is a very dynamic process so the Quicktime Movies or Flash Movies are also a good place to start and each set of notes links to related animations.

New Embryology Site

Time to update your Bookmarks! 2012 - UNSW Embryology has completed a move to a new online home (UNSW Embryology). Some links on this old site will now point to the new site pages and I will be not updating content on this original site. New pages will be show and linked by the above icon. If you would like to update your educational links send me the existing page link and I will show you where the new content lives.

Begin

	Begin by looking at the Carnegie stages and watching the changes in the embryo's appearance over the first weeks of development.
	An easy introduction is given by the week by week timeline of human development. Young students there are simplified K12 notes. Medicine students should start here (2009). Science students should start here

Embryonic Development Review Nature Medicine - Focus on Reproductive Biology

Want to see what is happening in Embryology? Have a look at Embryology News or Embryology site updates. Also see the recent discussion on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

Next

The Developmental Notes give information about early developmental processes and overviews of other developmental times and concepts.

Menstrual Cycle	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3
Placenta	Fetal	Birth	Postnatal

The System Notes give information about later developmental processes grouped by embryological and anatomical systems. Each section of notes is organized in a similar way giving: an introduction, overview, developmental abnormalities, mid-embryonic (Carnegie stage 13), late embryonic (Carnegie stage 22), examples of structures, histology and developmental molecular mechanisms.

Neural Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Stage 22           Brain           Spinal Cord           Fetal           Gliogenesis  Neural Assessment            Movies            Abnormalities	Cardiovascular Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Stage 22           Heart           Heart Rate           Blood           Blood Vessels           Lymphatic           Heart Movies           Vasculature Movies           Abnormalities	Musculoskeletal Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Somite           Limb           Axial Skeleton           Skull           Bone           Skeletal Muscle           Cartilage           Joints           Movies           Limb Abnormalities Abnormalities	Gastrointestinal Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Stage 13/14           Stage 22           Stomach           Intestine           Liver           Gall Bladder           Pancreas           Tongue           Taste           Postnatal           Milk           Movies Abnormalities
Neural Crest	Genital Notes            -----------------            Female           X Chromosome           Uterus           Menstrual Cycle           Oogenesis           Male           Y Chromosome           Spermatogenesis           Stage 13/14 Embryo           Stage 22 Embryo           Stage 22 3D Model           Stage 22 Highpower           Central Pathway           References            Abnormalities	Endocrine Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Pituitary           Thyroid           Adrenal           Pancreas           Pineal           Thymus           Gonad           Placenta           Hypothalmus           Parathyroid           Adipose Tissue           Other Tissues  Molecular  Stage 13/14 Stage 22 Movies  Abnormalities	Body Cavities
Gastrointestinal Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Overview           Stage 13/14           Stage 22           Stage 22 Select           Face           Tongue           Pharyngeal Arch 1           Tongue           Taste           Movies Head Abnormalities Face Abnormalities Ultrasound Facial Cleft	Sensory Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Stage 13/14           Stage 22           Stage 22 Selected           Week 4 Sensory Placodes           Hearing           Vision           Smell           Taste                     Molecular Abnormalities	Integumentary Notes            -----------------            Introduction   Abnormalities           Histology           Dermatomes           Glands           Mammary Glands           Hair           Teeth           Nails           Keratin           Overview  Molecular  Stage 13/14 Stage 22	Respiratory Notes            -----------------            Introduction           Stage 13/14           Stage 22           Stage 22 Selected           Birth           Molecular           Diaphragm           Movies 3D Early           Movies 3D Late Abnormalities

Development Notes          -----------------       Menstrual Cycle         Prenatal Diagnosis          Embryo Stages          Week 1          Week 2          Week 3          Week 4          Placenta         Fetal Development         Birth         Postnatal Dev         Abnormal Dev         Serial Images         Mechanisms         Molecular Dev         Genes/DNA          Statistics         Histology         History          Class Notes

Carnegie Stages          -----------------  Embryo Stages Embryo stages Scanning EM Stage 1 Stage 3  Stage 7 Stage 8 Stage 9 Stage 10  Stage 11 Stage 12  Stage 13 Stage 14  Stage 15  Stage 16  Stage 17  Stage 18  Stage 19  Stage 20  Stage 21  Stage 22  Stage 23

System Notes          -----------------         All Systems           Heart/Cardiovascular          Respiratory          Coelomic cavity          Gastrointestinal Tract          Head and Neck          Neural          Neural Crest          Sensory          Ear         Eye         Endocrine          Urogenital         Genital          Musculoskeletal          Integumentary         Class Notes

Finally

The Movies pages show dynamic processes of development and will require both the Quicktime plug-in and a reasonably quick internet connection.          Movies          ----------------------------------         Embryo Growth - change in size and appearance         Ultrasound - non-invasive prenatal test Abnormal Ultrasound         Week 1 - mixing parental genomes and cell division         Week 2 - implantation of the Embryo         Week 3 - cavities and sheets of cells         Week 4 - early organogenesis         Stage 13/14 - early Embryo         Stage 22 - late Embryo         Neural - brain, spinal cord and peripheral ganglia         Head and Neck- pharyngeal arches and face          Heart- folding and septation         Vasculature- blood vessel formation         Gastrointestinal- gut structures and rotations         Urogenital- kidney, gonads and genitalia         Other Embryos- lots of animals         Human Embryology - textbook animations Historic - movies from the past         Internet - around the world Podcast- audio content Video Podcast- video on the move

Other Embryos

The study of human development has relied extensively on studying the process in many other animal models (chicken, fly, mouse, zebrafish). For those wanting to see the process of development in these and other species the Animal Embryos pages are a good start.          Other Embryos         -----------------  Bat          Chicken  Bovine Echidna          Fly          Frog  Guinea Pig Medaka         Mouse  Platypus          Rabbit          Rat          Worm          Zebrafish    Carnegie Staging

When things go wrong in Development

Abnormalities that can occur during development are often described as congenital defects, with the 2 major types being Genetic (inherited) and Environmental (maternal) derived abnormalities. Begin by the introduction page Abnormal Development and each section of notes, week by week and systems, has a page listing and describing related abnormalities.          Abnormal Development         -----------------  Week 1         Week 2         Neural         Heart / Cardiovascular Musculoskeletal Musculoskeletal - Limb          Gastrointestinal Tract         Head  Coelomic cavity Respiratory         Neural Crest Senses         Senses - Ear         Senses - Eye         Urogenital         Genital Endocrine Genital  Integumentary       There is also growing evidence that in utero conditions have a significant impact on future health outcomes, look at Fetal Origins Hypothesis.

Postnatal Development

Development does not stop at birth! Postnatal development is a new section of notes covers issues relating to development after birth.

Medical and Science Students

Can find lecture and practical information on the Class Notes page. The 2009 Medicine content is linked below. Alternatively work through the Serial Images of the stage 13/14 and stage 22 embryo.          Everything Medicine 2009         -----------------          Found - Intro Embryo Lecture         Found - Intro Embryo Practical         Found Expert Tutorial-Histology         SH - Respiratory Lecture         -----------------         BGD - GIT Lecture          BGD - GIT Practical         Prac1 GIT Manual PDF         GIT Development         GIT Abnormalities         -----------------         BGD - Head Lecture         BGD - Head Practical         Prac6 Head Manual PDF         Head and Neck Development         Face Development         Ear Development         Face Abnormalities         -----------------         BGD - Endocrine Lecture         Endocrine Development         Endocrine Abnormalities         -----------------         BDG - Male/Female Lecture         BGD - Male/Female Practical         Prac12 Male/Female Manual PDF         Genital Development         Male Development         Female Development         Genital Abnormalities         -----------------         BGD-B Full Prac Manual PDF         BGD-B FAQs         BGD Phase 2 - Tutorial         CBL ILPs 2009         eMed         -----------------         Week by Week         Movies         Audio         Development Notes          System Notes       

Foundations Cycle A 2009 Introduction to Embryology Lecture | Practical	BGD Cycle B 2009  Gastro-Intestinal Tract Embryology Lecture | PracticalFace and Ear Embryology Lecture | PracticalEndocrine Gland Development LectureSexual Differentiation Lecture | Practical BGD Cycle B - 2008 FAQs BGD Phase 2 2009 Applied Embryology and Teratology Tutorial
SH Cycle A 2009 Respiratory Development Lecture

Embryology in the News

The Genome, Stem cells and Cloning so a page of recent topics in development and embryology can be seen at Embryology in the News (see alsostem cells and cloning)

Contents by Page

Recent changes/updates to the UNSW Embryology website can be found listed on the 2008 Log page.

A book content style of browsing can be found on Contents by Page. For those used to a More details on how to get started can also be found on the How to Use page.

To put reproduction in a quantitative perspective, there are a number of pages summarizing both Australian, International and World Population trends on Statistics page.

A history of medicine, including embryology, is given by H.S. Williams with additional links to other historical resources including childbirth and Nobel awards on History page.

Glossary

The glossary is an alphabetical list containing brief descriptions of terms and acronyms. There are also links to pages with more information related to the term.	The entire UNSW Embryology website can also be searched using the window below and located on each page.
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |Numbers |

More Information

The current UNSW Embryology website Version 9.0 January 2010.

The last UNSW Embryology website Version 8.0 January 2009.

The current UNSW Embryology DVD Version 7.8 released December 2008. (More? DVD Homepage | About DVD)

The UNSW Embryology CD program Version 5.7 September 2006 has now been discontinued (More? UNSW Embryology DVD).

Recent additions to the original UNSW Embryology site can be found logged at Whats New? and have feedback shown at What People Say.....

The development of the new UNSW Embryology website continues with 1,000 pages, better structure for navigation, quizzes and the ability for online contributions. This original site will remain active as may groups have hardlinks to specific pages. As well as the latest findings in embryology, I am including more detailed historic embryology documents and redesigning how undergraduate and K12 content is presented. If you wish to update your links, send me an email with your current link and I will point you to the new page.

Have fun learning!

Dr Mark Hill, 2011.

UNSW Embryology ISBN: 978 0 7334 2609 4